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| 1637 |
| | | Charles I and his archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, attempt to impose the full Anglican hierarchy on presbyterian Scotland | |
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| 1638 |
| | | A National Covenant, first signed in an Edinburgh churchyard, commits the Covenanters to oppose Charles I's reforms of the Church of Scotland | |
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| 1638 |
| | | Riots erupt in Edinburgh, in response to the attempt by Charles I and Laud to impose a hierarchy of Anglican bishops | |
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| 1639 |
| | | The finances of the English king, Charles I, are in crisis, with his agents able to collect each year only a fraction of his demands | |
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| 1639 |
| | | Covenanters seize control of Edinburgh and other Scottish towns, launching the conflict with England known as the Bishops' War | |
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| 1640 |
| | | In need of funds for the Bishops' War in Scotland, Charles I summons parliament to Westminster | |
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| 1640 |
| | | Parliament denies Charles I's request for funds and is dismissed after three weeks (the Short Parliament) | |
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| 1640 |
| | | Charles I's financial crisis causes him to summon another parliament to Westminster (the Long Parliament, not dissolved until 1660) | |
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| 1640 |
| | | The new parliament immediately impeaches Charles I's two closest advisers, the earl of Strafford and archbishop William Laud | |
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| c. 1641 |
| | | Cavalier is now in use as a term of abuse for supporters of the royal cause | |
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